速度与激情8
US unveils new sanction intended to strangle Iran’s economy as conflict drags on; Tehran vows tough response_我的网站
A | 当仓储量贩超市的即时零售业务迅猛发展，骑手面临的困境不是超速，而是超载。
As military strikes and diplomatic negotiations have both failed to bring an early end to the roughly six‑month‑old US-Iran conflict, Washington rolled out new sanctions against Tehran on Monday local time intended to further strangle its economy. Iran, for its part, has vowed a tougher pushback.
In a news conference on Monday, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent threatened new sanctions on countries refusing to cut economic ties with Iran, following recent rhetoric from Washington threatening an "economic D-Day" for Iran.
Meanwhile, the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) under the US Treasury announced secondary sanctions on nearly 60 entities, individuals, and vessels in multiple jurisdictions which, according to the US' claims, enable Iran's activities, including so-called nuclear and missile technology procurement, cyber operations, and oil-revenue generation networks.
According to Reuters, those sanctions targeted businesses in China, the UAE, Singapore and several other countries, including a cooking-oil refinery in France, but did not include any of the Chinese financial institutions suspected of facilitating Iran's oil trade.
In response to US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent laying out plans for economic asphyxiation of Iran, expanding Washington's secondary sanction threats and warning of dire consequences for countries that do not join the campaign, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Lin Jian said at a press briefing on Tuesday that China has made clear on many occasions its firm opposition to illicit unilateral sanctions that have no basis in international law or the authorization of the UN Security Council.
"Economic warfare and maximum pressure provide no solution. On the contrary, they only serve to fuel tensions and lead to risk spillover, which will disrupt the global economic and financial order, and harm the legitimate rights and interests of other countries," the spokesperson said.
The pressing task is to facilitate the deescalation of the situation and return to dialogue and negotiation as soon as possible, Lin said, adding that China will do everything necessary to firmly safeguard its rights and interests, Lin added. Lin also said China's cooperation with Iran is conducted within the framework of international law, thus should not be disrupted.
When asked whether China has received any such timeline, as the US stated it would give countries a timeline on when to shut down the actions that it has identified, and how China intends to respond to the relevant announcements by the US Treasury involving China-based entities and individuals, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Lin Jian stated on Tuesday that China is closely following the developments, and will do everything necessary to firmly safeguard our rights and interests.
In May this year, China's Ministry of Commerce issued a blocking ban prohibiting any recognition, enforcement or compliance with US sanctions imposed on five Chinese companies on the grounds of their alleged involvement in Iranian petroleum transactions.
Relying on its financial hegemony and long‑arm jurisdiction, the US enforces unilateral sanctions with no basis in international law. Such measures severely undermine fundamental consensus for international trade and erode the existing international order, Zhou Mi, senior research fellow at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, told the Global Times on Tuesday.
In essence, Washington is imposing its Iran‑focused policies to enterprises across the globe, compelling third‑party actors to fall in line with its diplomatic objectives, Zhou noted.
The latest sanctions would affect a broader range of countries, industries and firms. They will not only draw wider opposition from the international community, but also boomerang on the interests of US‑owned enterprises, he added.
Fewer levers left
"We are launching an economic onslaught against Iran's financial connections around the globe," Bessent claimed at a press conference. "Our objective is to sever every economic lifeline" that sustains the country, he said, according to a Treasury release.
The US Treasury Department said in a release that the new sectoral sanctions determinations target five critical sectors - digital assets, technology, gold, aviation and shipping - that the US claimed Iran has relied on to support its economy.
US Treasury claimed that "any entity that facilitates money laundering or sanctions evasion on behalf of Iran risks being cut off from the US financial system."
OFAC also suspended several general licenses that previously authorized certain remittance payments to Iran and Iranian access to the US cultural and academic system. The office also issued additional guidance on the so-called sanctions risks of bowing to Iranian demands related to shipping in the Strait of Hormuz.
Mohammad Mokhber, an aide to Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei, said in an X post on Monday that Iran's response to US sanctions and pressure will be "more decisive than before."
Iranian Economy Minister Ali Madanizadeh said that Tehran "is and was ready," with a two-year plan to counter Washington's new sanctions. He told state television that "it seems they wished to suffer yet another defeat," per an AFP report.
Iranian Parliament Speaker Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf responded in an X post that "the Americans know no one will believe their nonsense," noting that the US is not in a position economically to restrict its relations with other countries.
Alan Eyre, a distinguished diplomatic fellow at the Middle East Institute, told NBC News that after six months of combat, the US government "has few remaining levers it can use to convince Iran's major trading partners to materially reduce their economic ties."
While Washington's maximum‑pressure campaign may deliver short‑term shocks to Iran's economy, it can hardly "strangle" the country completely, said Liu Zhongmin, a professor at the Middle East Studies Institute of Shanghai International Studies University.
He added that Iran's economic resilience cannot be underestimated. Having borne decades of crippling sanctions from the US and Western nations, Tehran has built substantial experience in sanction‑busting and developed coping mechanisms ranging from basic‑industry self‑reliance and regional trade networks to oil‑for‑goods swaps and non‑US dollar‑denominated trade. Furthermore, the Strait of Hormuz remains a source of strategic leverage for Iran to push back against US pressure.
The expert said that Tehran and Washington are encountering "a battle of wills," and Iran believes the economic costs the US would suffer from a Hormuz blockade would outweigh the damage inflicted on Iran by sanctions.
Washington's "economic strangulation" policy risks ending in failure unless it yields short‑term outcomes, particularly securing the opening of the Strait of Hormuz, Liu added.
Self-created dilemma
As the US ramps up pressure on Iran, Americans are growing averse to a protracted war.
According to a Reuters/Ipsos poll that closed on Monday, US public approval of the war with Iran fell to its lowest level since the conflict's early days, with just 31 percent of Americans supporting US military action.
On June 18, the US and Iran signed an MoU, under which the two were scheduled to hold negotiations within a period of 60 days, which ended on August 17, to reach a final agreement. However, the talks' fate remains unclear following renewed escalation between the two countries.
Iranian political analyst Mostafa Khoshcheschm told Al Jazeera that the new US sanctions intended to create an "economic onslaught" were a "political show" of intimidation.
Liu said that by resorting to an "economic strangulation" tactic after miring itself in a fruitless military quagmire over Iran, the US has laid bare its practical predicament and strategic dilemma, and seemingly running out of cards.
Citing sources, CNN reported earlier this month that the US military has exhausted nearly 80 percent of its interceptors for a key missile defense system as senior US military commanders are warning that the Pentagon's munitions stockpile is "dangerously low."
Faced with depleted ammunition stockpiles and insufficient military‑industrial capacity, and amid growing domestic criticism of its Middle East policy, the White House has opted for tough economic measures against Iran, Liu said. "Less costly than military coercion, such moves help Washington strike a tough posture before voters and shun political risks from further military escalation," said the expert.
There is, however, an increasingly obvious paradox in Washington's economic warfare against Iran: the tighter the sanctions, the tighter global energy supplies become, and the higher costs borne by American consumers and businesses, the expert added.
。 近期，山姆又有4个前置仓“云仓”在全国多地集中开业，与云仓配套的“一小时极速达”配送服务同步落地。 根据时代财经统计，这4个云仓分别位于广州花都、温州乐清、镇江京口和成都新都，而在近一个月内，山姆全国至少新增了7个云仓，这让沃尔玛中国“云仓+极速达”模式的即时零售网络规模进一步逼近500个仓库。
B | 然而，随着云仓数量的增加，山姆也陷入了新的争议。
C | 近日，全国多地网友爆料，山姆配送员驾驶的电动车前后挂满大件货物，超载现象突出，这一情况不仅引起外界对山姆配送方式合理性的质疑，还对驾驶员的安全风险产生了广泛担忧。 由于平台按照单量计算工资，意味着骑手配送的订单越多，收入就越高，“我们出去一趟不容易，想要多赚钱，一趟就得多拿几单”，已离职的山姆“极速达”骑手李明说道。此前，他做了将近两年的全职骑手。
D | “而且山姆的单不少是大米、水、牛奶、狗粮之类的，（有时候）一单直接就五六十斤了”，各种原因的推动下，货物常被“叠罗汉”似的挂满电动车，“极速达”骑手只能超载上路。 当美团、饿了么等平台开始优化算法和奖惩机制，外卖骑手有望摆脱超速困境时，在中国疾速发展的山姆，或许也是时候审视骑手超载问题了。
E | 一、“想要多赚钱，一趟就得多拿几单” 图源：利利安 时代财经了解到，“极速达”依托的是山姆云仓建立的即时配送网络，其配送范围通常覆盖门店或云仓周边3～5公里，部分地区可延伸至5公里以上。 “极速达”骑手主要采用两轮的电动自动车进行送货，他们的工作模式与常见的外卖骑手相似，最大的区别在于“极速达”骑手服务的商家只有山姆。值得注意的是，“极速达”并非山姆自营，而是承包给了第三方即时配送平台，包括达达秒送、顺丰同城等。 李明曾在一个中部省会城市做了两年山姆“极速达”骑手，该配送服务由达达秒送提供，但达达秒送又将配送服务分包给了第三方，因此李明实际上是分包商的员工。 对于“极速达”骑手超载的原因，李明了然于心，因为他也曾是超载的一员。 山姆商品多为家庭囤货装，客单价远高于普通商超，这使得其订单天然带有数量多、体积大、重量沉的特点，而“极速达”满99元免15公斤首重运费的规则，进一步促使会员为节省配送费，选择合并订单或多买凑单，加剧了订单的重量问题。 沃尔玛中国曾在2020年12月发布的文章中指出，山姆“极速达”客单价是行业三至四倍。
F | 时代财经了解到，“极速达”骑手单次配送的货物总重量有明确限制，最重不得超过30公斤，“系统默认超过30公斤就不会再进单”，但李明透露，在实际操作过程中，总重量有办法突破系统的限制。
G | 一般而言，“极速达”骑手的工资按照单量计算，不同的分包商提供的价格不尽相同。
H | 李明所在的公司提供的价格为3公里以内5元/单，每超过1公里增加1元，但未提供重量补贴，“无论是送1斤货还是30斤货，价格都是一样的”。 即便部分分包商承诺提供距离补贴和重量补贴，实际力度也杯水车薪。一家位于广州增城的分包商实行阶梯制单价，送单量越多，单价就越高，每月配送1至500单的单价为6元，超过3公里的部分补贴0.6元/公里，单重超过10公斤时，超重部分每5公斤补贴1元。然而，与补贴相比，骑手发现接更多单才能获得更高收入。这也导致部分骑手“大包小包”超载上路。 随着山姆即时零售业务规模的扩大，越来越多身着紫色配送服的“极速达”骑手穿梭在大街小巷。然而，骑手似乎并未直接从单量增加中受益，这在一定程度上加剧了超载困境。 李明向时代财经回忆，刚入职时，“极速达”的老骑手每月通常能跑1200多单，月收入在9700至9800元；由于个人经济压力，李明入职初期努力跑单，每月能跑约1400单，月收入超1.2万元，其中距离补贴约为3000元，算下来平均单价将近8.57元。 随着业务熟练，李明愈发勤奋，离职前最后一个月，他足足跑了2032单，但月收入仅1.3万元，平均单价骤降至6.4元。“这是我全月无休、每天工作16个小时熬出来的，结果拿到的钱跟以前跑1400单时差不多。” 李明坦言，单价大幅降低，是他最终决定离职的主要原因之一。 二、山姆靠前置仓加速扩张 极速达，是山姆依托线上业务在华推进规模化扩张，实现“快跑”发展的重要抓手。
I | 为满足会员家庭的即时需求，山姆自2017年底起开始构建“云仓”体系，并联合京东旗下达达集团的“达达快送”（现名为“达达秒送”），通过“驻店+众包”的混合运力模式推出“极速达”服务。 山姆的云仓仅服务于线上订单，最初只在部分门店周边开设，云仓配备了冷冻库、冷藏库和常温货架区，主要服务门店3～5公里内的会员和潜在会员。山姆从线下门店精选了1000多种复购率较高的商品进入云仓，涵盖了几乎所有生鲜品类，以及母婴、个护、干货等日常商品和进口水果、酒水饮料、海参等高端商品。 山姆门店 时代财经摄 根据界面新闻，最早于2017年12月，山姆在深圳部分区域推出“极速达”服务，测试了前置仓“云仓”的效果。经过短时间的试点后，山姆云仓在2018年宣布规模化，开始大力发展生鲜到家业务，将“门店+云仓”模式逐渐推广至全国。 根据沃尔玛中国，在这一年，山姆在全国布局了38个云仓，最快一单仅用了11分钟就送到顾客手中。 尝到甜头的山姆，将更多的扩张任务寄望在了云仓，它成为山姆进军新城市前，提前探测当地市场需求的“试金石”。
J | 2020年9月，山姆宣布即将开业的新店将全部采用“先仓后店”的模式，即在实体门店开业之前就先开设云仓。 根据沃尔玛中国，2020年6月开业的中国第27家山姆门店——浙江宁波店便采用了“先仓后店”模式，在开业前，该店已完成近四万单“一小时极速达”订单，近些年，践行“先仓后店”模式的城市还包括江苏昆山、四川成都、浙江杭州和重庆等地。
K | 2020年12月，山姆云仓数量达到近百家，“极速达”服务实现覆盖所有门店所在城市，单仓日均订单量比上线初期增长超10倍，同年7月，“极速达”订单量占山姆电商订单量近70%。 此后，随着山姆门店的扩张，云仓也保持了强劲的增长势头。2026财年第二季度（2025年5月1日至7月31日），沃尔玛中国共增设了33个云仓，使得云仓总数达到了455个。同时期，山姆在全国共有56家已开业门店。 到了第三季度，山姆的已开业门店增至58个，云仓数量也进一步增加。仅最近一个月内，山姆在全国多个城市集中开设云仓，涵盖了广州南沙、广州花都、温州乐清、镇江京口、扬州江都、南通如东和成都新都等地，其中4个云仓在过去一周内开业。 山姆之所以在即时零售网络上投入大量精力，核心原因在于其线上业务已与实体门店平分秋色。沃尔玛管理层也在多个场合，对云仓与“极速达”服务不吝赞美。 在第二季度财报电话会议上，沃尔玛高管表示，中国线上业务有着强劲的表现，中国市场的净销售额超过50%由线上驱动，而云仓的布局使得沃尔玛中国能够在一小时之内将商品送到顾客手中。 面对投资者的询问时，沃尔玛方面进一步指出，“沃尔玛从中国市场学到了诸多经验，这些经验正被广泛应用于全球市场，其中包括云仓模式和极速达”，极速达对业务的影响显著，目前云仓模式已在美国和印度落地。 2026财年上半年（2025年2月1日至7月31日），沃尔玛中国实现净销售额123.65亿美元，同比增长24.82亿美元。其中，第二季度（2025年5月1日至7月31日），沃尔玛中国实现净销售额57.86亿美元，同比增长13.46亿美元，同比增长率为30.8%，而第二季度线上销售额增长率达39%。 当山姆在中国狂飙之时，随之而来的课题也愈加明显——如何在规模扩张、运力提升与人文关怀之间找到平衡，避免骑手在摆脱超速困境的同时，陷入超载的难题。 本文来自微信公众号：19号商研社，作者：陈泽旋，编辑：黎倩。
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